Would fall under.

This lowering of production costs stems from a procurement strategy called Low-cost country sourcing (LAICS). I The abundance of cheap labor in Thailand gives the country and its businesses an edge, as they are now able to produce their products at a much lower cost and thus be able to gain a comparative advantage against their rivals from other countries like the US. With regards to exporting to Thailand , as the economy is still in its stages of infancy and the people Just beginning to open up to leisure sports such as RollerBalding , Blades may be able to gain the first-mover advantage by venturing In to Thailand at this point In time. In addition, the good relations and ties that Blades may build with some of their Thai suppliers, could help to ease their efforts in to breaking into the Thai market and exporting to Thailand Furthermore with the rising affluence amongst the people in Thailand, it is likely that more individuals would turn to leisure sports such as, roller balding, during their free time.Coupled with youths in Thailand becoming increasingly â€Å"Americanizes†. This trend therefore, poses as an excellent opportunity for Blades to boost sales In Thailand to off-set the falling demand being experienced In the US. Finally, by exporting to Thailand, Blades Is able to diversify their sales and operations overseas. This way, should their business take off in Thailand, the profits from their foreign subsidiary would be able to offset the falling demand for their products in the US to ensure the company's sustainability and also investor confidence.Question 2: In the short run, one of the disadvantages would be facing sales that may fall short of expectations due to the ongoing political conflict In Thailand. This potential fall In sales is a result of country risk. The protests and riots as a result of the political instability in the country could deter Blade's target audience from purchasing their products due to them preferring to stay saf e at home than subject themselves to unnecessary harm whilst shopping. Another disadvantage, would be the exchange rate risk which would come about with the currency fluctuation of the Thai Baht.Blades would be more affected by an appreciation of the Tall baht rather than a appreciation. This Is as when the Thai baht appreciates, the raw materials and production costs would become relatively more expensive as one US dollar is now worth less in Thai Baht. This would then drive up their overall cost of production and without any change in demand or sales, result in lower profits. In the long run, Blades should be aware of the international economic conditions as a recession could be disadvantages to the company. With a recession, sales would be affected as blades would fall under.Another disadvantage in the long run would be the isolations that could be implemented by the governing body after Blades have successfully established their subsidiary. Examples would be changes in the regul ations for Multi-National Corporations (Mans) like Blades in the country and increase in taxes. All these changes would equate to inconvenience for the company and possibly an increase in their operations cost in the case of an increase in taxes. All these disadvantages should be carefully thought through by Ben Holt and his team as they could impact the commercial viability of setting up a subsidiary in Thailand.

Learning Skill Essay

?The attributes of the learners and how they can help the learners to be successful in an online learning environment Education of children is compulsory, formal and standardized. Adult learning is voluntary and intentional. The purpose of adult education is the independent self-directed learner. Adults tend to resist a learning process which is incongruent with their self-concept as autonomous individuals and does not correspond to their needs and interests. Adults focus on direct application. Given their daily duty in job, profession, family and community, they learn to cope with the pressures and problems of life they are facing. For that reason, the adult educator’s concern is primarily focused on the needs and interests of the learners. â€Å"Andragogy (adult education) calls for program builders and teachers who are person-centered, who don’t teach subject matter but rather help persons learn† (Knowles). Hence, the interests of adults are their real needs. Or the solutions learners have in mind do not solve their problems. The adult educator often has to register into a â€Å"needs negotiation† (Bhola) with learners when teaching new needs about boiled water or a balanced diet, about clean surroundings, preventive health practices or small families. In the dialectical process of needs negotiation the needs as felt by the learners and the needs as seen by the adult educators must be showed together to reach a consensus on the â€Å"real† needs. These real needs must agree to the experience of adult learners. If an adult gets the impression that his experience is not being valued he feels turned down as a person. New learnings take on meaning as adults are able to relate them to their life experience. Experienced adult educators, so, build into the design of their learning experiences provision for the learners to plan and rehearse how they are going to apply their learnings in their day-to-day lives or duties and combine training with transfer and application. A workshop then really can become a workplace where educational materials are produced or evaluation studies are designed. According to Knox’s proficiency theory the learning needs for an adult move upward from life situations and interpersonal communication. Social expectation motivates and empowers an adult to search for more knowledge, better expertness and more suitable performance. Adult learning is based on experience, on the learners’ own experience and on the experience of others. Learning settings of adults usually have a participatory and collaborative basic part. Adults prefer to meet as equals in small groups to explore outcome and concerns and then to take common action as a result of dialogue and inter-learning by discourse. The group becomes the â€Å"learning co-operative†. The group provides the opportunity for inter-learning. Within the group the teacher as well as the other group members plays the task of facilitators. All group members become â€Å"co-agents† (Bhola) in learning. The absence of formal accreditation or certification facilitates collaboration not only on a specific product or outcome but even in structuring and restructuring the learning process according to the needs and interests of the group. The learning process becomes as important as the learning outcome, and a balance between both is often not easy to maintain. How much freedom can actually be given to the adult learner in choice of content and way? Adult learning is life-centered. It is learning by doing, by application and experience, and if need be by trial and error. Adults do not simply to get knowledge created by outsiders, but should examine their own reality themselves and make a positive declaration about it. â€Å"Praxis† is the focus of effective adult learning and praxis means analysis and examination of reality in order to transform it. Adult learning is without interval process of investigation and exploration followed by proccess of doing something grounded in this exploration, followed by reflection on this action, leading to further investigation and so on. The principle is testing not â€Å"banking† (P. Freire) of knowledge. Exploration of new opinion, skills and knowledge take place in the context of the learners’ experience. In settings where skills are being learned, learners become acquainted with skills, apply these in real life settings, redefine hoe these skills may be altered by context, re-apply these in other settings and so on. Adults explained the meaning of ideas, skills and knowledge through the medium of their life-experience and test them in real life settings. To make the learner self-directed is the intention of adult education. But the self-directed learner is neither the one who can retrieve information or locate resources nor the one who appears in group dynamics. The â€Å"inner-directed, self-operating learner† (R. Kidd) is the one who reflects critically on his own assumptions and is keen to find alternative and better solutions. The learning process contributes largely to the success of learning. But learning is more than just the learning process. A participative learning process which fails to assist the learners in  acquiring knowledge and competence is a failure. A participative learning process may take more time because it means active involvement of everybody, discussing all the pro’s and con’s, despite that it must lead to concrete results combining commitment with competence. Education is, as Brookfield points out a â€Å"transactional encounters†. That means that the sole responsibility for determining curricula or for selecting appropriate methods does not rest either with the educator or with the learner. If the first acquires, then we have an authoritarian style and a one-way transmission of knowledge and skills. If curricula, methods and evaluative criteria become predetermined solely by what learners say they want, then the â€Å"cafeteria approach† governs the educational process. Accepting the felt needs logical basis without any further inquiry and needs negotiation means that the facilitator has to give up responsibility for the learning process and the accomplishment of learning aims and objectives. Successful learning especially in workshop settings means to keep the balance between the learning process and the learning outcome so that the results justify the efforts and if they are not excellent they should be at least and always â€Å"good enough†. Successful distance learners are self-motivated, self-reliant and self – disciplined. Distance learning students are the architects of their own learning surrounding, have the ability to manage their study time and schedule. Students can often customize their learning projects to fit their personal interests and there is great chance for personal growth and individual academic success. This requires both internal personal motivation and discipline, and also requires the establishment of a supportive personal learning environment and may require elimination of certain activities to make room for online learning in daily life. Distance learners should be self – sufficient, self-directed individuals. The online environment enables students to learn at their own pace, relieving some of the pressure of traditional seated learning and making learning more enjoyable but requires that the student is able to identify learning goals and objectives and focus their attention accordingly. Distance learners become independent problem solvers, doing their own research and expanding their lifelong learning skills. This process helps them to grow critical thinking skills and the ability to interpret and synthesize reading materials, articles and research papers with differing points of view and in the process develop their own positions and beliefs about the subject matter. Some computer and Information literacy is necessary for a distance learner. Distance learners should possess a working knowledge of email, the Internet, and basic keyboard skills. Instructional material within the learning management system will provide all the other skills needed to access and begin the online or distance lesson. Distance learners may be required to develop skills for researching and locating information from several sources and differentiate and assess them for inclusion in distance learning assignments and research projects. Distance learners should be energetic and disciplined managers of their own time. Students must be able to organize and plan their own best study schedule. While individual learners may prefer a different time of day or times in the week to give up to their distance learning study and projects, it is important to devote time each week to course work and it is vital that the distance learner understand that the same amount of time is involved in distance education courses, and traditional seated courses. The distance learner should assess his or her best time of day for study, either it is early morning or evening, every person has a best time of day for learning and thinking. A intentional effort must be made to carve out time in the student’s daily schedule for an optimal study time. Study time should not be the time that is left at the end of the day, unless that is the time when the student is most lively and attentive. All learners and especially distance learners need effective communication skills. The particular nature of distance education requires that communication be done in a written format, whether it is email, written assignments or discussion forums, the written word is vital in distance education. The ability to write clearly and communicate ideas becomes more important since it is the primary means of communication in distance learning. The successful distance learner has a strong sense of responsibility and personal commitment to academic success. Online learning, like many things in life, reaps rewards equal to the energy put into the changes. The independent nature of distance education to insist upon the presence of motivation, and discipline but commitment and follow-through are also vital.

Understand the Behaviour of Organisations in their Market Environment Essay

Understand the Behaviour of Organisations in their Market Environment - Essay Example Understand the Behaviour of Organisations in their Market Environment This has enhances shopping for consumers making it even more convenient by providing all products under the same roof. Tesco’s has been working towards building of a sustainable business model throughout the years. This has been done through diversification into new geographical areas as well as value added retailing (Datamonitor, 2011, 7). This has enabled Tesco to reduce its business risk as well as work toward increased sales through trade in growth markets. Similarly, value added retailing encourages consumers loyalty and assist to sustain revenue growth even in times of economic difficulties. However, with increased competition in the UK market, retaining customers would be a crucial concern for Tesco. This has a risk of causing loss of the market share (Finne & Sivonen, 2009, 298). Perfect Competition This is the existence of different buyers and sellers, which implies that prices vary in response to supply as well as demand (Wood, 2008, 187). The market is characterized with substitutes where increase in price of one commodity means a change to consumption of the existing substitute. Both the buyer and the seller are seen to have equal chances of influencing the price. There are two extremes in perfect competition, which include monopoly, as well as oligopoly market. Price and output in a perfect market is determined as shown below. The profit in the firm indicates the level of price and output in three different ways. For a firm to make profits, it will produce at a level where P> ATC, while experiencing losses P< ATC and for it to break even P= ATC. Monopoly In a monopolistic market, there is only a single seller with a number of sellers. The firm is the price maker and therefore, determines the level of output as well as price (Finne & Sivonen, 2009, 298). The firms aim is to maximize profit. Oligopoly Classical theory in economics has the assumption that a producer with some market power whose aim is to maximize profit will set Marginal Cost ( MC) equals to Marginal Revenue (MR) (Finne & Sivonen, 2009, 298). This indicates that the larger the quantity sold the lower is the price. Any change in MC or MR will be indicated by the price. This, however, does not occur where a kink exists. As a result, MC in this case would change without a change in price or quantity. The advantage of this to consumers is that companies will not raise their prices in fear of losing customers (Seth & Randall, 2011, 234). However, even a fall in price will only gain a few customers. This indicates that the curve is price elastic in case of price increase and less for price decrease. In the end, competitive firms will enter the industry. Pestle Analysis Political factors Tesco is an international company with carrying out operations in 14 countries. This makes the organization susceptible to the various legislative and political environments in these countries. This necessitates the compliant to comply with these laws to avoid conflicts with the authorities. In most countries, governments encourage foreign companies to consider local candidates for various posts in the organizations, to ensure locals benefit from their investments. This, therefore, means that Tesco employs a wide pool of individuals to satisfy their labor requirements. Tesco will be compelled to follow the legislation on employment adopted in the country where its stores are located. Economic Factors Economic factors are crucial in the operation of an

BatmanThe Dark Kninght Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BatmanThe Dark Kninght - Article Example It carves a work of twisted beauty from it. Along with the film, â€Å"the dark knight† came a soundtrack, which was equally dark, violent, tortured, and relentless. The purists of the film music may find this soundtrack to be a bit offbeat to match their tastes. Certainly, they would not be wrong. The fact about the dark knight soundtrack is it represents a highly stylized approach in the creation of a film score. The music of Batman in the movie is iconic. While the music at the beginning of the movie is impressive, it actually does not give a comparison to what the duo have concocted when it comes to their second foray into the underbelly of the Gotham city, which is dark. Within the films context, the music assists in creating an unnerving sense of panic, chaos, dread, and fear. Zimmer and Howard help in creating a clashing dissonance for the joker that unnerves the listener. The Salvo used in the opening â€Å"why so serious?† is one among those tracks, which are used to create a disturbing feeling in persons bones. The soundtrack utilizes strings in a dissonant way to throw the listener off balance. It further creates a sense of malice and disconnect through the shift of rhythm, which jar them violently. The only sound an individual can hear when the soundtracks come to a quasi-silence is the recreation of the heartbeat palpitating. This palpitation of the heart serves to magnify the sheer horror and terror in the movie. This track in the film is a reminiscent of some of the Philip Glass’s composition in several ways, although it is progressive in nature. In conclusion, this music is the most jarring and daring composition ever to be used in filming. It is quite impossible to follow twisted things such as â€Å"why so serious?† but Howard and Zimmer have been able to manage and keep the wonderful thematic in progress. They have been able to roll over some of the nuances in the first track into the much more classically natured

Blue Ocean Strategy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Blue Ocean Strategy - Research Paper Example To break out of red oceans, the blue ocean strategy postulates that companies must break out of the accepted boundaries that define how they compete. These systematic boundaries are identified by the six paths framework as: industry, strategic groups, buyer groups, scope of product or service offerings, functional-emotional orientation of an industry, and time (â€Å"Blue Ocean Strategy,† 2011). The first path that we see Wii utilized to create a blue ocean was the buyer groups. Microsoft’s Xbox 360 and Sony PS3 rely on users as their primary focus. For this reason their strategies are geared towards increasing their users-experience through constant innovation and deployment of new technologies such as HD, graphics and so on. On the contrary, Wii opted to target purchasers and influencers e.g. parents and physicians through development of products that everyone in the family can appreciate. This has increased the likelihood of say, parents, purchasing Wii games instead of PS3 or Xbox 360 for their children. The second path that the Wii utilized to create a blue ocean for itself is the product scope. While the two major gaming competitors stuck to the belief that gaming was a preserve for a certain age group, the Wii expanded its market by developing products that could cut across all age groups from pre-teens to senior citizens. The Wii Healthy category of games comprises of products that grandparents and grandchildren could easily play with together.

Moore's Law Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Moore's Law - Annotated Bibliography Example The author here is Crothers Brooke. The article has been written for the general public to explain them how the increasing cost of materials has forced the information technology (IT) industry to adapt alternative plans to manufacture similar products. The article directed its focus mainly on the statement given by the higher authorities of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency which seemed to be biased. The information sited in the article is current. Yes the site link is appropriate and is also considered to be one of the media site around the globe. The writers here are Ron and Drost. The audience of the book can be considered to be the general public. The book cannot be considered as a biased piece of work, as the information on the book is considered to be a current comparison of the law with the modern fundamental physics. The publisher of the book is considered to be a well-known publisher around the globe. 4. Myslewski, Rik. Intel reveals 14nm PC, declares Moores Law alive and well. The A Register. Web. 22 Sep. 2013. . The author of the article is Rik Myslewski. The targeted primary audience of the article are IT industry and the secondary audiences are considered to be the civilians. The article mainly states argument given by Intel defending that the law has not been out dated. The company i.e. Intel has also introduce 14-nanometer PC which proves that the law is yet acceptable. The information provided in the article is current and also provides a comparison of the law with different statement given by various critics. The site link is valid. The author here is Sami Franssila. The book has been written for academia and people relating to the IT sectors. The book is not biased, as it mainly focus on explaining the different aspects that Moore has considered while constructing the law. The book

Gender Language, images, and contexts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gender Language, images, and contexts - Essay Example Transgender activists and gender theorists have been vocal in advocating for an abolition of gender to free the society from the bonds of arbitrary behavioural norms that define gender. The assumption of gender to be a system consisting of two exclusively opposite categories in which people are placed is simple and does not give the full definition of what encompasses gender. The difference between the art and nature of gender is transsexual and non-transsexual aspects of gender. Transsexual gender is the physical change of people’s sexuality to be who they feel they are. On its part, natural gender is the acceptance and appreciation of what the society defines us to be. Non-transsexual theorists are ignorant of the form that a transsexual person undertakes after going through the physical change. The femininity and the masculinity according to them are naturally the actual aspects of defining gender. The art of changing one’s sexuality does little in changing who one i s. They refer to the Godliness of the act and the creativity aspect of the whole process. To transsexual theorists, creativity is evident when mankind begin exercising power of creativity, the power to increase our vocabulary, power to change our environment, our clothing as well as our bodies. She acknowledges that both the art and the nature of gen der reside in an individual person. The author seeks to address the issue of gender from the inside of a person and how this affects a person’s acts and performances. By linking the soul to an individual’s performances, the politics of the body are inherent there in. The article shows that desires of the soul define exactly what gender a particular person belongs to. Analysis The author believes that gender is not naturally what the society has bestowed upon the individual, but the actions of the individual from desires of the soul. The soul is the centre of everything it generates the actions that a person is likely to fo llow subconsciously and determines the social performances that depict one to be either male or female. The biological characteristics do not have much influence on gender determinants. Raising the argument a notch higher, the article holds that acts, desires, and gestures give birth to an internal substance, which is produced on the outside surface of the body, although they never reveal but suggest the organizing principle of identity as a cause. Such signs, gestures, or enactments according to the article are performative, meaning that the identity that they claim to express are not original, but rather manufactured and sustained through corporeal signs among other means. This means that what is outwardly expressed is in fact from the inside, and that the outward signs are simply fabrications of the inner expressions. The argument that the inner truth of gender is a fabrication and that the true gander is nothing but just a fantasy instituted on the surface of the body, then gend er cannot be either true or false. For instance, being feminine is not a cultural tag placed upon the individual woman, but rather, the actins seen on the surface of a person that are characterized to be feminine are actually from within the soul. The Contemporary Transgender Movement Abstract The paper aims at examining what the existing social movement literature can teach on collective identities. Traditional community has classified gender in

Ethics and Diversity in Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethics and Diversity in Policing - Essay Example e ethical rules related to his/ her job, as these rules are incorporated into the relevant code of conduct, b) non-controllable factors; shooting a civilian by accident while participating in an operation against a burglary can be an example of such case, c) personal factors, such as consumption of alcohol while in-duty and d) failure in evaluating a case appropriately (U.S. Department of Justice 2007, p.22). The above problem could be effectively faced through the following measures: a) training programs focusing on the codes of conduct and ethics should be introduced in each police department, b) a phone-line operating 24hrs/7 could be established for supporting police officers when performing their job, c) in each police station a control mechanism would be created for checking the cases of misconduct of police officers. Among the rules including in the police codes of conduct there are certain that are quite difficult, either because of the conditions of work, such as those focusing on the behavior of police officers working within prisons, or because of the police sub-culture, such as those regulating the duties of police officers working in departments controlling police corruption. McCall, D. (2011) â€Å"Ethical and Effective Policing.† US Department of State, Vol 15, No 10, pp.1-28. Retrieved from http://photos.state.gov/libraries/amgov/133183/publications/Ethical%20Policing_041311.pdf U.S. Department of Justice (2007) â€Å"Building Trust Between the Police and the Citizens They Serve.† Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, pp.1-132. Retrieved from http://www.theiacp.org/portals/0/pdfs/buildingtrust.pdf U.S. Department of Justice (2000). â€Å"Laws enforced by the Department of Justice in maintaining integrity for federal officers.† Organizational Report, pp. Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/cor/Pubs/polmis.pdf The police sub-culture is characterized by certain ethical issues, such as: a) a police officer has ‘to control the

The Design of Health and Safety Control Systems Assignment

The Design of Health and Safety Control Systems - Assignment Example â€Å"It is an employer's duty to protect the health, safety and welfare of their employees, and other people who might be affected by their business. Your employer must do whatever is reasonably practicable to achieve this† (â€Å"Your Employer’s Responsibilities, 2011, pgh. 2). This includes the fact that the gas emitted from the spray makes people drowsy. If that is the case, and people are going to have to go down in the tunnel, it should be a team of people who are working on this project. There should be support in terms of physical support, and the gentlemen working on the project should have walkie-talkies. Not only that, but they should make sure to wear all appropriate and proper protective gear for this project. This would include whatever kind of suit is needed to go down into the tunnel and spray this highly toxic (and potentially flammable) sealant. Since the subterranean chamber is located in the middle of a field, the area surrounding the work area shou ld be completely examined by the company that is going to be doing the work in order to ensure that there are no problems with the ground surrounding the area in which the work is to be completed. Additionally, the area should be assured that it is secure to work within before any work is ever started. â€Å"A check should also be carried out to ensure that there are no cellars, underground watercourses, ground conditions or made up or soft ground, etc., which could create hazards during the operation† (Construction Confederation, 2008, pp. 8F-3). This is to ensure that there will be no cave-ins during the project, which could herald an early death for the person going into the subterranean chamber. The person must definitely have radio contact of some sort with the outside world, and in addition to proper gear—obviously the ground around the work area must be checked for its stability. If the stability of the subterranean chamber or its immediate environs is in any wa y compromised, that chamber should be considered dangerous and unsuitable for being checked by humans. In that case, what might happen is that, if it is unsuitable for a person to complete, perhaps a machine might be able to be deployed in order to do the job. If the job is too difficult for a machine to do as well, what might be considered the best option is for the subterranean chamber to be sealed up with concrete due to the cracks being too severe to be fixed by human design. If that is the case, it is not worth putting human lives in danger in order to solve a problem that is that difficult. Not only this, but, perhaps—rather obviously—the farmer must give his permission for the work to be done since it is on his property (if there is work to be done), unless the tunnel is not part of what he owns and is part of the public domain. Either way, he will have to be notified that construction is going to have to take place outside of his property. Operation #2 Recommen dations (475 words) The employee who is made to tidy up the designated are near the junior school in the suburbs of a small town should first consult a landscape architect as to how the landscaping would be carried out. â€Å"All municipalities operating a form-based code must have professional design expertise on staff in the person of an urban designer, architect or landscape architect, or else a design consultant retained to work with elected

An act of courage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

An act of courage - Essay Example o researchers on behaviors working closely with the police administration, the results obtained have more to tell regarding the manner in which some families conduct themselves. According to Natasha, in the article Where are the Men?, results indicate that most of the children involved in crimes and drug trafficking are the ones brought up by single mothers. Additionally, another group of the children affected by this syndrome come from families where the father is inactive in playing the role of shaping his children in learning good morals and in become self reliant. Fatherless homes suffer from invasion from any outsider since the father figure is absent in such families. There is no complete love that children should draw from both parents. The mother is therefore left with a big burden that she cannot bear on her own. Later in life, I learnt that my first cousin, Johnson, engaged in drug and substance abuse due to lack a sound father in his life figure to emulate. Johnson had been reared by an industrious mother who would try her best in providing for her family. The cousin, by the name Johnson, cleared his junior school and instead of proceeding with studies, he opted to start his own business in the city. His initial business was a small shop selling clothing. The business succeeded and within four months he had registered a significant profit. Everyone in the family got amazed at the outstanding work of Johnson. After another three months, the performance of Johnson’s business started dropping, something that shocked everyone who had hope on him. The question on everyone’s mind was, "what could be wrong?" The poor performance was as a result of lack of sound business skills. Johnson did not know the concept of saving or even reinvesting. He used to spend almost every sale he makes. Johnson’s mother approached Johnson’s father requesting him to have a talk with the son, hoping that he would sustain the business. Shockingly, instead of addressing

Acid Rain investigation Essay Example for Free

Acid Rain investigation Essay o There are many different kinds of erosion but acid rain or else wind erosion are the two main types which could have eroded the marble statue which was positioned in the garden close to the industrial site. o Acid rain is made up from of a cocktail of different acids e. g. sulphuric acid, nitric acid, carbonic acid. Sulphuric acid is released into the atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil, nitric acid is given off from car exhaust fumes, These gases react with water vapour and oxygen from the atmosphere and with the help of sunlight turn to acids and fall to ground in the forms of precipitation with high acidity levels which are between pH 1. 5 and 5 (acid rain or acid snow). o Sulphur dioxide is harmful to humans and can led to bronchitis and other lung diseases. o Sulphur is released into the atmosphere through burning fossil fuels; most of the worlds air pollution is due to the smoke given off from burning things. o The increasing amount of acid rain, which falls each year, is due to the increasing amount factories and vehicles on our roads. o Lakes in Scandinavia are effected very badly by acid rain even though very little of it is actually produced there, it is carried mainly by prevailing winds from Germany, France, the UK and other large industrialised European countries. o Acid rain can destroy trees by removing vital minerals from the soil, buildings, metal work e. g. cars, bridges, it can also destroy lakes and rivers killing all fish and plants which live their, acid rain can also take effect on are health. o Nitric acid could be the main power in acid rain for it is the most corrosive of all the acids which make up acid rain. Calcium carbonate + sulphuric acid = calcium sulphate + water + carbon dioxide CaCO3+H2SO4= CaSO4+ H2O+CO2 This word is equation is not to blame for the erosion of the marble statue because calcium sulphate is an insoluble participate which means that when the calcium sulphate come into contact the statue will be coated preventing it from any further erosion. With sulphuric acid not the blame for eroding the statue that leaves nitric acid and carbonic acid, carbonic acid is very week and therefore it would not be possible for it to erode the statue in such a short time, so that means the acid which has eroded the marble statue is nitric acid Calcium carbonate + nitric acid = calcium nitrate + water + carbon dioxide CaCO3 + NH3 = Ca(NO3) 2+ H2 O+ CO2 What am i going to investigate? : I am going to find out how the concentration of nitric acid would effect the marble statue and would quickly it will erode depending on how high the concentration of acid is. With the results I gain from this experiment I will draw up a graph to show how the concentration has taken effect. Safety: Like all experiments safety is very important and everything should be done carefully, safety goggles should be worn at all times in this experiment, we are using acids which are very strong, especially nitric acid, and therefore can easily burn so extra care is needed. All rules for experiments should be fallowed, to prevent any unwanted accidents, e. g. chairs below tables, tie tucked in. Fair test: To make this experiment fair a number of things must remain the same through-out the investigation: 1. same volume of acid used through-out, will be 25cm3. 2. Same type of acid used in the testing, in this experiment it will be nitric acid which I will use. 3. Every investigation must be done in the same temperature, this will be room temperature. 4. Same weight of marble used which will be measured to two decimal places. 5. So my results are correct I will do each experiment twice and find the average from the two tries. Apparatus: 1. Electronic scales- will be used to weigh out the marble to an accuracy of two decimal places. 2. Measuring cylinder- this will be used to measure out the volume of the acid. 3. Stop clock- used to time how long the marble is reacting with the acid. 4. Marble chips- will be used to react with the acid; some of the marble will be in powder form to speed up the reaction. 5. Nitric acid- will be used to react with the marble chips. 6. Beaker- will be where the reaction will take place. 7. Safety goggles- used to protect your eyes in case of any spillages, should be wore at all times during the experiment. What affects the rate of reaction? There are three main factors which can effect the rate of reaction on the marble statue they are: The concentration of the acid- the higher the concentration the more collisions will take place therefore erosion occurs quicker. The pressure of the acid- the higher the pressure the more collisions due to the particles being closer together. Temperature- the higher the temperature the more energy the particles will have meaning they will more much quicker and cause more reactions. Light- the amount of light available can alter the rate of reaction for the light will give energy to the particles which will increase the number of collisions. The size of the solids surface- the larger the surface area the longer it will take to be broken down, so a reaction on a solid with a small surface area will take a less time. Variables: Controlled- what I will keep the same through out this whole investigation is the mass of the marble which I will be used, it will be measured accurately using electronic scales. The volume of the acid will also be the same and it will be measured out using a measuring cylinder. Independent-this is what will be changed through-out the experiment, I will change the concentration of the acid for each part of the investigation. Dependent- I will measure the length of time it takes for each concentration of acid to erode the marble pieces. This will be done using a stop clock. Prediction: I think that if the concentration of the acid is increased the speed of the reaction will increase, this is because with a small concentration of acid mixed with marble there is less acid particles to react with the marble meaning there are fewer successful collisions, with a much larger concentration of acid mixed with marble more collisions will take place because there are more acid particles which means that the reaction will take less time. Suitable range of readings: I will have to collect enough readings from my experiment to draw a graph, this means I will need more than 5 readings, so If I record a reading every minute I should have enough information. I will do each experiment two times and take the average results. From this I will draw a graph to show the concentration of acid against time taken.

King Richard III by William Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

King Richard III by William Shakespeare Essay T he plays depict the collapse of English control over parts of France and the bitter and fierce internal struggles between the Houses of Lancaster and York in the fight to gain the crown of England. King Richard III is regarded (Hume 202) as a piece of prop aganda support ing the Tudor monarchs who succeeded Richard after he was killed in battle . This essay examine s how the theme of conscience is evidenced in Shakespeare’s play, and how the issues addressed are reflected in my daily life. (100 words) One prominent theme in the drama is the theme of conscience. Throughout the drama, Richard,  Duke of Gloucester, murders and betrays to gain the English crown. His conscience , however, is evident. In Act I scene iii, Margaret, an exiled former queen , has a special curse for Richard , who kille d her husband and her son (lines 224 9) : The worm of conscience still begnaw thy soul. Thy friends suspect for traitors while thou liv’st, And take deep traitors for thy dearest friends. No sleep close up that deadly eye of thine, Unless it be while some tormenting dream Affrights thee with a hell of ugly devils. Most of Margaret’s curses are fulfilled during the play. Richard struggles  with his heavy conscience. In Act IV scene I Lady An ne , his wife is distressed to learn that she is to be crowned his queen, and speaks of her unhappiness and his guilty conscience: For never yet one hour in his bed Have I enjoyd the golden dew of sleep, But have been waked by his timorous dreams. Spec tacularly, in the scene before the battle at Bosworth, King Richard is visited by the ghosts of h i s victims . His soliloquy in Act V scene iii suggests that he is overcome by a ‘coward conscience’ (lines 191 6) : O coward conscience, how dost thou afflict me! The lights burn blue. It is now dead midnight. Cold fearful drops stand on my trembling flesh. 2 The theme is developed . Co nscience can be a manipulative tool used by cowards , Richard declares: Let not our babbling dreams affright our souls: Conscience is but a word that cowards use, Devised at first to keep the strong in awe: Our strong arms be our conscience, swords our law. I shall now consider how conscience relates to my daily life. It has often been remarked (e. g. G ui 203; Palfreyman 80) that Richard’s assertiveness, his strength and determination command a respect of their own, his crimes aside. Every day, I read in the papers that someone has exercised ruthless power over other people in some way, and so made ‘swords [their] law’ to wi n a contest, whether it be in the form of school bullying, or rise to political power as in this play. I am still unclear as to how far we should assert ourselves to gain things that we want at others’ expense like this. It frightens me that I can understa nd such tyrants and see them as essentially very human. Such things are an integral part of life and ourselves and will never go away. I believe, though, that  there is such a thing as conscience, yet whether it is only something we have been taught is har d to establish. It is possible to see Shakespeare’s play as an elaborate wish fulfillment or fantasy, therefore. In sum, Shakespeare directs us to focus , non simplistically, on tyranny and ruthlessness in our midst. In a sense , the portrayal of Richard as a man with a conscience and, at the same time, with astute manipulative powers gives the drama unresolved humanistic problems. We may need to ask ourselves how far we can go to attain our ends while still sleeping at night.

Competitive Advantages Of Johnson And Johnson Commerce Essay

Competitive Advantages Of Johnson And Johnson Commerce Essay Johnson  Ã‚  Johnson (JJ) was founded more than 120 years ago on a revolutionary idea that doctors and nurses should use sterile sutures, dressings and bandages to treat peoples wounds. Ever since, JJ has brought to the world, new ideas and products that have transformed human health and well-being. Johnson  Ã‚  Johnson has more than 250 companies located in 57 countries around the world involving specially in to three main businesses ; medical devices and diagnostics, pharmaceuticals, and consumer health care. JJ has experienced astonishing growth through global expansion, innovative products and processes, RD, services and quality that make a difference in peoples lives. Johnsons Baby is the most trusted brand of skin care products for mothers all over the world. Like Diaper rash care, baby powders, baby hair care, baby bath products and many more. They offer products and information targeting baby care, skin and hair care, nutritionals and so on. Creating meaningful innovation in health care within the consumer business franchise depends on a research strategy deeply involved in technology and consumer insight. This takes into consideration JJs vision: Bringing Science to the Art of Healthy Living! Major competitors Although the Consumer Health Care division is the smallest of the companys three segments, it includes some of the companys most recognizable brands such as Tylenol, Neutrogena, and Band-Aid. The major competitors of JJ are Novartis and Procter and Gamble in baby care products. Table 1: sales of Major Consumer Franchise in USD Millions Company Name Johnson Johnson (Baby Care) Novartis (consumer health) Procter Gamble (BABY CARE AND FAMILY CARE) 2007 1,982 NA 1,440 2008 2,214 1,125 1,728 2009 2,115 1,118 1,770 Table 1 and graph 1shows the greater sales figure of baby care products of JJ than its competitors which also includes family health care products. From this, we can see the highest market share of JJ in the industry. In baby care, they compete primarily in diapers, training pants and baby wipes, with approximately 35% of the global market share. Graph 1: chart showing sales of table 1. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES PRODUCTS The first competitive advantage for JNJ lies in its product itself which has NO MORE TEARS ® formula patent. Safety, comfort, and gentleness have always been a top most priority in its products. Instead of soap or alcohol it uses various harmless chemicals, and its products go through rigorous clinical testing to ensure the highest standards in baby care. Johnsons baby shampoos and soaps has been a trusted product for the parents which rinses very quickly and cleanly, and doesnt cause irritation to skin, eyes and scalp unlike others products. They have got most number of patented products. BRAND JJ has a history of 120 years of operations which has been trusted by doctors, nurses and parents around the world, now operating across 57 countries with more than 250 operating companies. In 2008, its brand value was worth of $3,582 millions, ranking 92 in the world. The company has been involved in many CSR activities like supporting International Youth Foundation for HIV/AIDS prevention program in Africa, child center in India, educating the people and providing handful tips regarding healthy and safety living, caring babies, and healthy environment. INNOVATION It is interesting to see innovation in terms of its products and processes as well in JJ, and every year it comes up with innovative products. Recently they have introduced new night time product which has been clinically proved to help babies fall asleep well and throughout the night. JJ has strong and well-equipped RD network, state-of-art technology, huge investment capacity, world-class research facilities, highly productive small team settings, and sound scientific methods. Every year JJ invests billions of dollars in RD, in 2008, it had invested 11.9% of its total sales (total sales figure was $7,577 million), ranking 7 in the worlds top companies spending in RD, and topmost in its industry. EXTENSIVE COLLABORATIONS JJ has been exclusively involved in selective licensing, acquiring and forming joint ventures for growth and expansion. Every year they enter in to 100s of strategic alliances and they have acquired more than 35 companies through the world so as to share best practices, acquire and develop cooperative talent, share research initiative, group purchasing and others. For example, in 2006, it acquired consumer section of Pfizer Consumer Healthcare (PCH), which added diverse portfolio in nine additional categories. In same year, it acquired Groupe Vendome, a reputed company in France involved in adult and baby skin product, and now JJ is selling product in their brand name in market of France. The ability to work across company and countries has helped JJ to produce most comprehensive and broad health care products, which has made them unique in the market. Their diversification is within the industry has made possible for cross business collaboration to address unmet health care needs. CORPORATE CULTURE Driven by the companys vision and support from top management, employee diversity has become one competitive advantage for JJ supported by various programs and activities like affinity groups, mentoring programs, diversity university, etc. Employees are encouraged to work in different divisions and roles so as to develop broadly. The business model adapted by JJ fundamentally uses the adaptation of entrepreneurial values. The decentralized corporate structure results in different people with different skills, thoughts, and ideas coming together and collaborating to develop products and technologies. The company has received various awards and recognitions for its best practices. We have the people, proprietary technology and capabilities of many diverse, entrepreneurial companies, this enables us to innovate at the intersections of our businesses. Thats an important competitive advantage and why were truly more than the sum of our many vibrant businesses. Johnson Johnsons Vice Chairman Christine Poon Sustainability and conclusion JJenjoys sustainable competitive advantage mainly due to corporate culture and brand name. Innovation has become possible because of its resource capabilities, extensive collaboration strategies and its business model. It would be surprising to see JJpossessing more core competencies which they have created from 120 years of operations. It has created more value to customers from benefit and cost advantage thorough increasing return rather than economies of scaleThus, we strongly believe that it will make them to stand out in the market in days ahead too.

Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller :: essays research papers

Dangerous Ground of Illusion Relations between fathers and the younger generation have been and continue to be an important theme for various literary genres (King Lear, Shakespeare; Fathers and Sons, Turgenev). For many famous writers the significance of fathers’ influence on their children forms a subject of particular interest. . In the play, Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller shows in a very striking manner that the father's influence can be either positive or fatal. The dispiriting story of the three generations of the Lomans family contrasts with the happy account of the life of their neighbors, Charley and his son Bernard. The author details father-and-son relations in the Lomans family over a long period of time. He effortlessly demonstrates that a younger generation both inherits the father's way of life and assimilates his best or worst features. He tells us almost nothing about Willy Loman’s, the main character's, father. All we know is that he played a flute. Also he was a handy man, because he invented a gadget to make flutes. He was making and selling flutes, traveling across the country in a wagon. He took his family with him wherever he went. When Willy was about four years old, his father went to Alaska seeking to earn a fortune and disappeared amidst Alaska's expanses. Though the period when his sons Ben and Willy were with him was short, it left an indelible impression on the boys’ memory. Later, each of them inherited a part of this way of life: the older son Ben got a passion for adventure and travel, and the younger son Willy got a profession of salesmen and an interest to work with wood. Though the father's influence was quite indirect; he mostly figured in their afterglow and rather idealistic fancies, both of them became decent and hard-working people. At the age of seventeen, Ben left his home for Alaska, but soon found himself in Africa and at twenty-one he was already rich. He spent the rest of his life in Africa where he died. He was a wealthy, influential and successful man and fathered seven children. He preferred to be brutal but effective, as befits the jungles of life. On one of his brief visits to Willy's home he admonished Biff, his nephew: "Never fight fair with a stranger, boy. You'll never get out of the jungle that way." Unlike his elder brother, Willy did not have enough strength to be aggressive and to take advantage of the opportunities offered by life.

Neil Young In Halifax :: Free Essay Writer

Neil Young in Halifax   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I was getting ready for school one morning when my father said that my cousin Jennifer was on the phone and she wanted to know if I wanted a ticket to the Neil Young concert coming up in Halifax. I said I did and I kind of forgot about it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was Halloween night and I was listening to an old Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young album when I looked at the release date when I realized that in a mere five days I was going to witness a legend in his finest form. Some say the Neil Young is playing the finest guitar of his life these days. Some people say that he's just an old man who can't sing, never could sing and should have retired a long time ago. I on the other hand see him differently. He is man who doesn't care about his appearance, doesn't care about what other people think about him. He is an entertainer. He is a healer. He is a Canadian. He is a man. When I picture myself at fifty I picture myself like him. We left for the concert on Tuesday morning and we arrived in the city at about noon. My uncle drove me and my cousin Edward up. We bummed around the city for a while and then we went to Jen's place where we were staying. There were a few other people from Inverness staying there as well. My uncle, Edward and I left for the concert at around quarter to seven. We kind of got lost. We got to the show at around seven thirty. While we were in line waiting to get in I could here the band that was performing. It was then that I realized what I was about to experience. I stumbled to my seat, half looking a my feet, half looking at the band on stage. I can't remember their name but they were good. As soon as we sat down the band ended their set and the lights came on. Then we just sat their for a while and I saw a lot of people that I knew from Mabou.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The lights went out and the place started to rumble with excitement. Moist came out on stage and started playing their set. When the band started to play Push I ran down to the front along with just about everyone else. But we were pushed back by the security. So we just sat in our seats for the rest of their set. The lights came back on and their were a bunch of guys on stage who were

Steven Jobs Essays -- APPLE PIXAR NEXT

CEO: Steven Jobs (APPLE, PIXAR, NEXT) Steven Jobs is not your "run of the mill" CEO. This statement sounds clichà © and it should because every CEO in some way is different. Steven Jobs with considerable confidence can be called one of the most ingenious, unconventional CEO's in the world. First off, it is important to look at his upbringing because it proves his approach to management is pure personality. Job's runs his company with an innovative edge that is far from collaborative. Steve Jobs' management techniques are a direct reflection of his upbringing. As a child, Jobs pursued his tasks and goals with a passion and aggression for success. Steven Paul Jobs was an orphan adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs of Mountain View, California in February 1955. So instead of attending either Berkeley or Stanford, he decided on the very liberal Reed University in Oregon. This is where Jobs was introduced to philosophies and ideas that would shape how he would treat the business world. At this time school was not important and he withdrew after the first semester of college. When he returned home, he was thin and disheveled. He embraced a new goal of traveling to India in pursuit of what a friend termed "the electric atmosphere of love." Jobs work with Apple is where he exploits the best examples of his good and bad management styles. When Jobs started with Apple he had no specific function. He kept himself busy initially by successfully supervising the designs for the company logo and for the hard plastic shell that encased the Apple II. The fact is Jobs was talented at most everything or at least seeming like he was. "'If you have a hardware man there, Steve can't talk hardware. If you have a software man, Steve can't talk software. He can help design computer cases"' (qtd. in Butcher 103). Job's was not satisfied with this role and Markkula, who maneuvered himself into a position of great power at Apple.? (Butcher 90-105). Job's was smart in that he positioned himself for success. He knew how to be at the right place at the right time. The downside to this was he always wanted more. The He had a hard time putting his vision down in a practical manner. He saw a computer with an elegant exterior but the problem with his vision was that the way he had to have it would make production nearly impossible. ?These unreal expectations resulted in "miscommunica... ...ion he wants those steps will not be questioned. There are two different ways the think about Steven Jobs. The first is the way his personality led to the failure of his management style. The other and the more important way is his forth knowledge of the market. Job?s was not successful in leading Apple managerially. He placed his selfishness ambitions first before the most important part of his company the employee?s. He was also unable to delegate authority to those better qualified than he because he wanted as much recognition as he could get. As bad of a manager he might be the success of Apple speaks louder than his failures. Apple is non-existent without his belligerent passion a motivation for success. The moment speaks for itself. In future years Jobs personality could be extremely destructive throughout his companies but for the moment his ability to produce cash far succeeds his downfalls as a manager. Works Cited Brayan, Chaffin, and Vern Seward. "The New York Times looks at Steven Jobs." The New York Times 10 May 2004. 08 Feb. 2004 Butcher, Lee. Accidental Millionaire. New York: Paragon, 1988. Steven Jobs: A Manager? Vers. 1. 06 May 1992. 08 Feb. 2005

Course note. Organizational behavior Essay

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR To distinguish and compare the various concepts and models of organizational behavior in a manner that-will help day-to-day conceptual, human, and communication skills of the students. To develop skills in diagnosing situations by encouraging them to participate actively in cases, topics, illustrations, and incidents that serve to provide operational meaning to the abstract concepts and models of organizational behavior. To assess and evaluate why certain events and behavioral processes occur in organizations and how, as managers, they can best affect the behavior of subordinates as well as other managers. COURSE DESCRIPTION This course utilizes the contingency approach to understanding organizational behavior. This approach seeks to understand the interrelations among the various parts of the organization. Each department, work group, or manager can be analyzed separately or as a unit related to other departments, work groups, or managers. The contingency approach requires that managers diagnose each situation confronting them, and then apply, as needed, the concepts and approaches presented in the course. These concepts and approaches will help the students to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to understand what is happening in an organization and what can be done about it. 1 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Week TOPIC Introduction to Organizational Behavior: ï‚ · What is organizational behavior? ï‚ · Organizational behavior and management. ï‚ · Challenges for organizational behavior and management. Course Outcomes CO1 Delivery Mode Lecture Discussion Assessment Tools ï‚ · Quiz ï‚ · Test Rubrics Na Na INDIVIDUAL PROCESSES Personality and Perception ï‚ · The nature of personality. ï‚ · Model of personality. ï‚ · Personality traits. ï‚ · The nature of perception. ï‚ · Perception process ï‚ · Attribution theory. Learning and Motivation ï‚ · The nature of learning. ï‚ · Learning theories. ï‚ · The nature of work motivation. ï‚ · Motivation theories ï‚ · ï‚ · CO2 Lecture Discussion ï‚ · Quiz ï‚ · Test ï‚ · Case Study Analysis Na Na √ CO2 Lecture Discussion ï‚ · Quiz ï‚ · Test Na Na ï‚ · Case Study Analysis √ Quiz 1 Mini Case 2 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR GROUP PROCESSES Work Groups and Teams ï‚ · The nature of work groups and teams. ï‚ · Formation and development of groups. ï‚ · Effective Work Groups and Teams. CO3 Lecture Discussion ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES Leadership ï‚ · Introduction to leadership. ï‚ · Leadership theories. CO3 Communication ï‚ · What is communication? ï‚ · The functions of communication. ï‚ · The communication process. Lecture Discussion ï‚ · Quiz ï‚ · Test ï‚ · Case Study Analysis ï‚ · Quiz ï‚ · Test ï‚ · Case Study Analysis ï‚ · Quiz ï‚ · Test ï‚ · Case Study Analysis Na Na √ Na Na √ Na Na √ ï‚ · Quiz II ï‚ · Mini Case Decision Making ï‚ · What is decision making? ï‚ · Types of decision making. ï‚ · The decision making process. ï‚ · Group decision making. CO3 Lecture ï‚ · Test Discussion ï‚ · Case Study Presentation Analysis ï‚ · Group Presentation Na √ √ 3 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR ï‚ · Test 1 (2hours) INTERGROUP RELATIONS IN THE ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT Organizational Culture ï‚ · The concept of organizational culture. ï‚ · Determinants of organizational culture. ï‚ · Managing organizational culture. ï‚ · ï‚ · CO3 ï‚ · Test ï‚ · Case Study Analysis ï‚ · Project Paper Na Lecture ï‚ · Quiz Discussion ï‚ · Test Presentation ï‚ · Case Study Analysis ï‚ · Group Presentation Na Na √ ï‚ · Quiz ï‚ · Test ï‚ · Case Study Analysis ï‚ · Group Presentation Na Na √ Lecture Discussion √ √ Quiz III Mini Case Power, Politics, and conflict ï‚ · The nature of power and politics. ï‚ · Sources of power. ï‚ · What is organizational conflict. ï‚ · Model of organizational conflict. ï‚ · Conflict management techniques. Organizational Change ï‚ · What is organizational change? ï‚ · Organizational change theory. ï‚ · Forces for and resistance to organizational change. ï‚ · Managing change CO3 √ √ 4 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Social Responsibility and Managerial Ethics ï‚ · What is social responsibility? ï‚ · Views of social responsibility. ï‚ · Arguments for and against social responsibility. ï‚ · What is managerial ethics. ï‚ · Factors that affect employee ethics. ï‚ · Ethics in international context. ï‚ · Improving ethical behavior. Lecture Discussion ï‚ · Test ï‚ · Case Study Analysis ï‚ · Project Paper Na √ √ Test 2 (2 hours) Group / Team Project Presentation Submission of Group /Team Project: (Latest Deadline – A week after the final class/lecture) 5 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR TEACHING METHODOLOGY Lectures/Case Study Analysis/Discussions/Active Learning/Presentations/Projects ASSESSMENT 1. Test 2. Individual Assignments 3. Group Project 4. Final Assessment 10% 30% 30% 30% ———–100% ———— Total REFERENCES Main Reference: 1. Schermerhorn, J. R., Hunt, J. G., and Osborn, R. N. (2008). Organizational Behavior. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Supplementary References: 1. Asma Abdullah (2004). Going Glokal. Kuala Management (MIM). Lumpur: Malaysian Institute of 2. George, J. M. and Jones, R. J. (2008). Organizational Behavior (5th. Edition). New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. 3. Gibson, J., Ivancevich, J., Donnelly Jr. J., and Konoposke, R. (2005). Organizations: Behavior, structures, processes. Boston: Irwin McGraw-hill. 4. Nelson, D. L. and Quick, J. C. (2006). Organizational Behavior: Foundations, Realities, and Challenges (12th. edition). Ohio: South-Western College Publishing. Journals ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Journal of Organizational Behavior, Academy of Management Journal, Journal of International Business Studies, Journal of Occupational Psychology, Journal of Applied Psychology 6 ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Journals 1. Harvard Business Review 2. Fortune Magazine 3. The Edge 4. Malaysian Business Review 5. World Executive Digest 6. The Economist 7. Other related journals 7 View as multi-pages

Statistics and Difference

BIO twain hundred3 SUMMATIVE ASSIGNMENT 2 entryway The report studys the result of a subject atomic number 18a on workers from brick and cover in dustries conducted by the wellness and Safety Laboratory (HSL). HSL put passel few criterias to the workers which organism that incomplete of the workers from the roofing roofing roofing covers and brick industries should have worked in some(prenominal)(prenominal) the industries and that they did non smoke. The criterias put across was an festerncy to attain reliable results.The essence of the issue lies in detecting any departure in the health of the workers in these industries (as identify by carrell vituperate) if any and similarly to determine if any relationship exists betwixt the duration of benefit and the recorded health effect. The unsatisfying Hypothesis (Ho) states that no residuum in the median(a) mingled with the helping- change cadres of the workers from the brick and roofing tile industries is observed. Null Hypothesis for the correlativity discover excessively states that in that respect is no correlation coefficient betwixt the health effects of the workers and the period period they have worked in the industries.Nonetheless the resource Hypothesis (H1) states that the median percent jump on of violated cell of the workers in the brick industry is assorted when comp atomic number 18d to the median percentage of change cells of workers of some(prenominal) the processs. H1 for the correlation study states that correlation exists among the time period the workers have worked in the industry and their health effects. summary leave alone be carried out with the help of the pursuance 5 tastes * Worker ID * Age * surgical incision * Length of answer * Percentage of cell damage The above samples argon freelancer within and also surrounded by to each one other.To obtain an accurate synopsis of the data, the normality, boxful bandage of land of ground and straight- describe relationship and independence of the statistical analysis provide be checked. The Null or Alternative Hypothesis bequeath be accepted or spurned on the basis of a statistical analysis, which will be apply to break down the median percentage of modify cells got from the brick and tile unconscious processs. Table 1 Descriptive Statistics of brick and tile operation workers percentage alter cells shifting N N* Mean SE Mean St Dev. Minimum Q1 Median Q3 supreme % alter cells of tile operation 27 0 1. 337 0. 210 1. 090 0. cc 0. 600 1. 00 1. 500 4. 700 % Damaged cells of Brick operation 38 0 1. 532 0. 179 1. 106 0. 200 0. 536 1. 370 2. 189 4. 562 Table 1 gives a descriptive data of the workers of the respective industries. As seen in the table above the % of shamed cells of the workers in the brick industry is high(prenominal) when compared with the tile operation workers. The median percentage of brick industry workers is 1. 370 which i s higher as compared to the brick operation workers which is 1. snow. The inter-quartile range which creation the departure betwixt Q3 and Q1 is higher for the brick operation compared to that of the tile.Figure 1Box plot displaying %damage of cell in workers from both tile and brick industries. The figure above armys that the percentage-discredited cell for tile operators is overthrow when compared with the brick operators indicating a discrimination in the mean and median. Figure 1 shows a deflexion in the health disaster of the tile and brick workers. There is distinguish of lopsidedness in the crack uping of brick operators whereas the tile statistical statistical distri providedion is symmetric, as the median clientele for the brick operators has shifted outside(a) from the centre.The % cell damage in workers of the tile operation is closely grouped unconnected from the 2 extreme outliers when compared to the % cell damage of the brick workers, which is quite wid e. For the above box plot the urgency for a further analysis is to be carried out as the guess fag end non either be accepted neither deflected since the box plot tho denotes statistical measures (mean, median, Q1, Q3, max & min prizes) which are not ample to prove the difference amongst the two sites. Figure 2 Histogram of the Tile and Brick operation data The % of modify cells of the brick operation is higher when compared to the tile operation.This is think from the histogram above which exhibits that the bar revalues which is the % shamed cells for brick operation is higher than the bar value of the tile operation. We have used a histogram, as it is one of the important tools for a data analysis. Figure 3The experiment For Equal Variance. The values of the estimated equal variances show no difference in the % cell damage of the workers from the brick and tile trading trading trading operations-value obtained from the Levenes Test is 0. 200 which is also higher than 0. 05 implies that the guess of difference cannot be repudiateed.The value of the F-Test is 0. 952 which being higher than 0. 05 shows also shows no signs that the fruitless hypothesis (H0) should be spurned and also that thither is no difference between %cell damage of workers from brick and tile operations. The obtained values from the seek for equal variance point out to an abnormal distribution of data stating the acceptance of the null hypothesis. thence no clear consequence of a difference in the median among the % damaged cells in the workers of both the operations. Figure 4Normal Distribution Graph For Brick And Tile Operation.Figure 4 illustrates a normal distribution graph for tile and brick operations. The figure above shows that the %damaged cells of brick and tile operations are not uniformly distributed, as the points are not scattered about a straight line. There is evidence that the residuals haped a skewed distribution and it can also be seen that the a bove graph does not follow any trend or pattern. The is no win over evidence to reject the null hypothesis (H0) as the P-Value is lower than 0. 05 in Fig4. From the above facts it may be reason out that the residuals do not follow a normal distribution.A MANN WHITNEY TEST will be used to statistically analyse the data as the %damaged cells of workers in the tile operation shows that the data is not normally distributed since the P-Value is lower than 0. 05 and also that the plots on the graph so no way of life any precise trend. MANN WHITNEY TEST Results & CI Of Tile & Brick Manufacturing Operations Table 2illuminates the number of samples used in the Mann Whitney test and the obtained median for data of brick and tile manufacturing operations Sample type Number of sample Median Tile 27 1. ascorbic acidBrick 38 1. 370 Point estimate for ETA1-ETA2 is 0. 200 95. 0% CI for ETA1-ETA2 is (-0. 323, 0. 800) W = 1319. 0 Test of ETA1 = ETA2 vs. ETA1 not = ETA2 is significant at 0. 3905 The test is significant at 0. 3903 (adjusted for ties). The results shows a confidence interval of 95% between 0. 323 and 0. 800 in the %damaged cells of workers In the brick and tile operations. Contrariwise the difference in the median is 0. 200(estimated), which means that 0. 200%(approximately) more % of damaged cells in workers of the brick operations than those of the tile operations.A 100% veritable analysis cannot be proved as the confidence interval (CI) is just 95%, hence creating a need for more data in differentiate to achieve a 100% certain analysis. An analyses of results obtained shows the P-value got from the Mann-Whitney test was 0. 3905. Since the P-value is higher than 0. 05 it indicated no evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no differences. Therefore it can be reason out that thither is no convincing evidence of difference in the median between %damaged cells of workers in the 2 operations. resultA use of unhomogeneous graphs and descriptive statisti cs were used and inferred to decide if at that place were any differences in the health of the workers of the 2 operations. The Mann Whitney U test was considered to find the difference in the %-damaged cells of the tile and brick operation workers. A decision may be drawn from the these analyses that at that place is scarce evidence to suggest that on that point is noteworthy difference in the % damaged cells in workers of tile and brick operations. Question 2 Table 3 Paired T-test and 95% CI to determine if the data of % damaged cells and length of service of workers in two operations is paired. N Mean StDev SE Mean % Damaged cells 65 1. 451 1. 095 0. 136 length of service (years 65 8. 995 7. 349 0. 912 Difference 65 -7. 544 6. 964 0. 864 95% CI for mean difference (-9. 270, -5. 819) T-Test of mean difference = 0 (Vs. not = 0) T-Value = -8. 73 P-Value = 0. 000 The table shows the T-test and the P-value got is 0. 05 stating no convincing evidence to reject null hypothesis of no differences. It may be reason that the data is paired since the P-value is 0. 000. A scatter plot may also be used to test the relationship between the two samples.Figure5 A scatter plot showing the correlation between the % of cells damaged with a reversal line and the length of service in years. The predicted value for retroflexion is 17. 4%, which states the 17. 4% of the variability in the data is represented by the atavism model. This cannot be used to get prox values as the predictive value itself is very low. Pearsons correlation need to be conducted since the above scatter plot shows a minor positive standoff between the % damaged cells and the length of the service, but the damage of the cells in the future cannot be predicted.Pearsons Correlation results Difference 65 -7. 544 6. 964 0. 864 95% CI for mean difference (-9. 270, -5. 819) T-Test of mean difference = 0 (vs. not = 0) T-Value = -8. 73 P-Value = 0. 000 Pearson correlation of length of service (years) and % damaged cells = 0. 417 P-Value = 0. 001. The association between the length of service and %damaged cells of the tile and brick operations cannot be accepted since the values from Pearsons Correlation is 0. 417which is higher than 0. 400. Therefore a regression fitted line will be used to forecast the future data.The P-value is 0. 001 which being less than 0. 05 does not prove to be a convincing evidence to reject null hypothesis (H0) of no differences. wherefore a outcome may be drawn stating a difference in the length of services and the % damaged cells of workers from both the operations. Hence a regression fitted line plot will be used to predict future values. Further Analysis Figure6shows the data between the %damaged cells and the age of workers as well as the regression line. The scatter plot above shows that there is a moderate positive correlation between the age and the % damaged cells.Therefore a Pearsons correlation will be conducted. Pearson correlation of age (years) and % damaged cells = 0. 251 P-Value = 0. 044 The P value is 0. 044 which is less than 0. 05, this means that the null hypothesis must be rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted that there is not sufficient evidence acquirable to say that there is a correlation. closure The data was analysed using descriptive statistics, various graphs, Pearsons correlation and regression fitted line plot to find association between the % damaged cell and length of service in tile and brick operations.The results concluded that there is no association between the % of damaged cells and their length of service. However there was a positive correlation which was observed between the % of damaged cells and age of workers in both operations. This suggested that it is the age which is the cause of damage and not the dust. The first test carried out, concluded that there is no genuine difference between the health hazard of the worker at the tile and brick operation.The second test c oncluded that there is little relationship between the workers health and the length of their service. Since the R-sq value was only 17. 4%, the extent of damage cannot be predicted by the length of employment. Overall conclusion It can be concluded that there is insignificant difference in the percentage damaged cells in the workers of tile and brick operations. It can also be concluded that age of workers and not the length of exposure to the dust in brick or tile operations increase % damaged cells of workers.

How to write an introduction for a dissertation?

The introduction might be since they developed, or maybe you want to rewrite it after youve finished to reflect the stream of your arguments.The thing is that students typically tend to write dissertation introductions that are lengthier than they how are supposed to be. The whole point is lost and it becomes harder for a reader to good grasp the main idea. Writing a very detailed introduction is another common problem. In such a way, the surprise effect is spoiled logical and readers no longer need to familiarize themselves with the rest of the research study.A unfocussed or rambling introduction will fasten better off the essay and wont produce a fantastic impression.If you have an interesting example to illustrate check your point, do not hesitate to do so, as it will immediately draw the reader’s attention. Then, proceed to describe the topic of your dissertation. Define the subject you want to research. worth Try to choose something unusual or under-researched.

Maintaining the introduction in mind can help you to own make sure that your research stays on track.Keep in mind that there is a difference between the objective logical and the problem statement of your dissertation. Use research questions to dwell upon the problem statement. The objective, in its turn, is the explanation of the reasons why you have decided to comparative study this particular issue. Thus, you will need to describe what you want to achieve keyword with this research study as well as what outcome you expect.When youre thinking about technological how to compose a dissertation introduction initiate with the subject of the subject.Speaking about research design, you definitely need to mention it in your introduction to dissertation. Provide a brief summary of it. The how last part of your introduction should be the dissertation outline. What you are supposed to do is to briefly describe how your dissertation is constructed.

It needs to be fascinating in order to arouse interest, and stand out.In such a way, it is easier to present a coherent piece of writingâ€"with the help of which you will be able to explain to your target reader what the goal of your research study is.Speaking about the full length of the dissertation introduction, there are no specific requirements. This means is your brief introduction for dissertation should not look like an abstract. However, it does logical not also mean you are supposed to submit a huge document.All of the info given in the introduction moral ought to be your words and original ideas.It is totally normal if you cannot write a proper dissertation brief introduction on your first try. It takes time, which is the reason why it is important not to stress out much about it. Take a break. The best advice is to get lower down to the task of writing an introduction for your dissertation when you how are finished with dissertation writing.

A few pages is plenty in composing the background info.Make sure the reader understands the own aims of your research, as well as what you are trying to achieve in the long run. The more you dwell upon all these aspects in your introduction, the easier it will be for readers to grasp your main idea. Therefore, they will be able to understand what you are working on, what impact it is going to have, as well as what results can be achieved if you are successful in reaching all these goals you how have set.As the author of the dissertation, your main task is to make certain that the reader is interested in check your research.Main Research Questions The research question arises from the Studys goal and is that the foundation for available data collection.Begin with outlining the main argument right away. In such a way, it will be easier good for readers to understand what issue you are dealing with. Then, dwell upon the methodology you have used. Explain what tools you have chosen and mention why you have decided to use those particular ones.

The decision should begin in the question your thesis or dissertation aimed to handle.Therefore, it is a great way to impress your target audience and motivate them to keep reading to find out more about the subject you have chosen to research. When you work on the task of writing the introduction, keep in mind how that you may not write everything at once. If you come up with new ideas, good feel free to develop them and add to your introduction later on. Make sure that the finished english version remains coherent.The end result of your investigation stipulates the signs that support the solution.Within an abstract you need to outline exactly what your research is all about in character.

Youve completed of your research, and you have arrived at the crunch, whenever you need to sit down and fresh start writing your dissertation.Studies dont have hypotheses.Writing a dissertation asks a choice of study and planning skills which is of little value in your career that is upcoming and within organisations.Attempt to restrict your acknowledgement dissertation to a page.

Mode of Entry in India by Foreign Investors

immaterial expectant implies silver that be post from un live onn commitors for enthr iodinement solves in education jump reveals of a emcee commonwealth. just ab egress(prenominal) enthronement streamlined from cardinal suppose to a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) unpolished is contrasted enthronement. This idea came in fif eviscerates when m separately a(prenominal) cr hold wanting(predicate) countries f all(prenominal) behinded to conflicting metropolis as a chief(a)(a) meat to masturbate fast frugalal turnth. external detonator write taboo take d experience the in truthm in the stratum of 1. be choose initiateiture 2. substantiative enthronization Also, with date the imagination of a line of merchandise charge came up. It is energy still drive government agency of neat from one state of matter to an opposite in the leap of encourage for packation.It flows to exploitation countries in the fake of loans , tending and forthwith grants from discordant policy- reservation and planetary organizations ADVANTAGES OF irrelevant jacket crown 1. It raises the train of enthronement Brings in to a greater extent industries and engineering science to the commonwealth and nominates hike up to the consumption, end growth and scrimping of the forces takings discipline. 2. attentions in upgradation of engine room conflicting forthwithiture brings with it the proficient intimacy part maneuverring machinery and equipment to develop countries. 3. ontogeny of earthy re stems A fargon of beneath actual countries r byine long mineral resources, which awaits exploitation. These countries themselves do non throw away got the conduct adept dexterity and expertness to nark finished this task. 4. breeding of raw material scotch al-Qaida develop or develop countries take away a great seat of authorities enthronisation for emergence of ra w material scotch complex body part as their municipal keen is frequently too adequate. 5. Improves merchandiseing fighting A impertinent enthronisation sewer aid the armament kingdom to repair its merchandise per nameance.This is because of increase in the take aim of force and the criterion of harvest shoes. Also, repair annoy to irrelevant foodstuff farther improves the exporting hawkishness. 6. Benefits the consumers with rivalrous foodstuff Consumers in developing countries fend for to rack up from a conflicting drapeiture by vernal products and collapse quality of untroubleds at warring prices. 7. Gene enumerates receipts to the g overnance The internet extension by a boni attendile enthronization in the acquiescetain arna contri thoes to the bodily impose tax r as yetue enhancement in the latter. 8.Supplements house servant nest egg little(prenominal) developed countries pretermit fitting savings, unavoidable for placement in development expulsions desire construct scotch and loving radix. strange great(p) bridge over this quip. 9. exercise increases in the entertain sphere As inappropriate companies cause up, they essay their limit in the troops democracy. As a result, date overly increases. DISADVANTAGES OF international dandy 1. Countries face consummate(a) debt delicateys If all the orderors who pitch rangeed in the phalanx solidm, pull out their gold long indeed the multitude uncouth follows in debt. 2.Appreciation of real permutation rate occurs As more(prenominal) than impertinent couchors invest in the inelegant, the demand for the national up-to-dateness rises. This causes cargo ara of municipal answer currentness and so passing play of competitiveness of exports as they constrain costlier. 3. Chances of lump internal summate of specie increases and if this specie is non utilise and cloaked in advantage ous learns thusce in that location is an drop towards inflation. 4. The sparing becomes overvalued As the investors come in, the gold in the economy starts silky take a leak redundant discretion in contrary currency. 5.Domestic grocery store is moved(p) When opposed coronations make do with the al-Qaida investitures, the gelt in the home(prenominal) help industries glitter, in that respectby leash to a fall in domestic savings. 6. thither is slight confidence to common pop revenue As the unified taxes be relatively less because of gravid tax concessions, investing allowances, knowing national subsidies and tax security system that be provided by the legions disposal. - TYPES OF un cognize groovy in that respect atomic keep down 18 flipper study grammatical cases of alien pileus. They be 1. external count on enthronization (FDI)It is a cargon for whereby residents of the source awkward realizes the self-will of as watchs for the get of lordly the contrast, dissemination and opposite activities of a blotto in the soldiers country. The strange investors atomic number 18 unblock to invest in India, drop few fields/activities, where forward cheering from the defend margin of India (run batted in) or out of doors investing promotion dialog box (FIPB) would be waitd. The future(a)s activities/sectors requires earlier eulogy of FIPB. a. effect of Cigars & Cig arttes of baccy and construct tobacco seed substitutes b. bring to pass of electronic aerospace and self-renunciation equipments c. Manufacture of items alto ruleher silent for subatomic musical scale of measurement empyrean with more than 24% FDI d. Proposals in which the distant spouse has an actual fiscal / technical foul collaboration in India in the uni fashion model field e. completely proposals locomote outside nonified sectoral policy. The outside investors readiness to plenty of trade in Ind ia corroborate deuce options, all to sic up a go incorporate entity in India, i. e. incorporating an Indian caller or by agency of unorganised entity, i. e. actoff social occasion of the contradictory entity.In alliance of an Indian family place be affirmable low(a) the nourishment of the Companies Act, 1956. The strange investors rear invest in a great deal(prenominal) Indian confederation up to c% of outstanding depending upon sectoral guidelines irrefutable by the administration of India. downstairs reciprocal ohm Option, a outside(prenominal) familiarity argon allowed to exploit in India, subject to conditions and activities permitted on a lower floor the opposed supplant wariness (Establishment in India of stolon duty of early(a) place of commerce) Regulations, 2000, with vista up any of the followings data link baron/ instance section plan re innovateation or fall apart responsibility.While make debut into both(preno minal)(prenominal) nation, infinite clearances ar to be obtained at the state and rule levels. Also, a number of functional hurdles, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as al-Qaeda bottlenecks piss to be overcome. Also, the authorise is difficult, in the experience that, rude roil laws, such(prenominal) as the industrial Disputes Act, prohibit the closing of either community. ADVANTAGES OF FDI downstairs mentioned ar slightly of the advantages of FDI. They ar truly uni puddle to that of exotic capital. 1. egression and employment 2. engineering and know how 3. entree to goods and go 4. fit the savings gap DISADVANTAGES OF FDI . policy-making lobbying In the past, there piece been umteen instances in which MNCs realize resorted to political lobbying in ball club to get trus dickensrthy policies and laws implement in their favor. 2. maturation of resources Exploitation of earthy resources of a master of ceremonies country is non a very(prenominal)(p renominal) quaint phenomenon in the result of FDI. MNCs of slightly oppositewise countries give birth been cognise to helter-skelter exploit the resources of legions countries in graze to get oblivious run gains and salary and ache even elect to ignore the sustainability factors associated with the local anesthetic anaesthetic communities and local habitat. . threaten gloomy scale industries MNCs pass water enormous economic and determine great power ascribable to their big sizes. They do non run by dint of much problem with regards to pecuniary capital and stand wherefore resort to utilise advertizing which is a expensive affair. Also, these companies be ball-shaped players who nurture their carrying outs pass on up across countries and meet efficient release imprisonment which change them to hire economies of scale which littler players in the domestic food merchandise of the host country freighter non debate with.All this results in the MNC having cheaper products and more profile collect to the higher(prenominal) amounts of advertisement and charter been known to impact out littler industries out of line. 4. engine room Although, the MNCs birth feeler to bracing and mooring strand engineering science, they do not transfer the up-to-the-minute technology to the host country with a cultism that their seat country whitethorn undetermined its competitive advantage. 2. outside Portfolio enthronisation (FPI) FPI is get and interchange of sh ars, similar debentures of Indian companies and units of domestic sh bed coin at both(prenominal) of the Indian business up veers.FPI ar by dint of with(p) by contradictory investors in sh atomic number 18s, bonds and truth grocery store place. It brings overseas supervene upon to the country but it has its own problems as it brings vaporific specie to the country. alien universeal Investors (FIIs) plenty make portfolio enthronis ations. FIIs atomic number 18 allowed to invest in the primary and junior-grade capital foodstuffs in India at a lower place the Portfolio enthronisation strategy 3. contrasted institutional enthronement (FII) FII is be as an institution open or collective outside India for making investing in Indian securities.They whitethorn invest in securities traded in both the primary and substitute(prenominal) markets. These securities complicate sh argons, debentures, and units of reciprocal cash in hand un corresponding institutional Investments argon the investments by orthogonal pecuniary institutes akin tills, amends companies, bounty bullion, mutual currency and so on These be generally in Govt. securities which are instead secure. The launching and expiration are very saucer-eyed through FIIs. FIIs essential registry themselves with the Securities and flip jump on of India (SEBI) and fall out with the exchange simplicity regulations of run batted in. 4. orthogonal moneymaking(prenominal)ized Borrowings (ECB)ECB advert to commercial loans (in the form of rim loans, procureers credit, suppliers credit, securitised instruments) availed from non-resident lenders with tokenish second-rate maturity date of 3 years. ECB for investment in real sector industrial sector, curiously infrastructure sector-in India, are infra self-winding path. ECB in the following requires boon of the government a. Activities/items that require an industrial authorize b. Proposals in which the immaterial provide in crime has an breathing opine/tie up in India c. Proposals for acquirement of carry ons in an animate Indian connection in some cases. . repository put across (ADR/GDR) ADR is follow by some(prenominal) puffy and well(p) respected companies from India to raise funds from Ameri prat Markets. If any(prenominal) Indian community has issued ADRs in the Ameri good deal market wishes to gain drop anchor overcompe nsate it to other developed and innovational countries such as atomic number 63, then they end conduct these ADRs to the existence of Europe and the very(prenominal) would be named as GDR. ADRs and GDRs are not for investors in India they bear invest this instant in the plows of divers(a) Indian companies. They are an gauzy means of investment for NRIs and contrary nationals wanting to invest in India.By get these, they sess invest forthwith in Indian companies without sledding through the identify upon of intellect the rules and working of the Indian financial market since ADRs and GDRs are traded like any other stock. NRIs and outsideers crumb buy these use their steadfast integrity concern accounts. - ROUTES OF introduction there are studyly both highroads for portal in India 1. spontaneous street The pass wherein no government commendation is mandatory for the investors. As a reference, FDI up to degree Celsius% is allowed in all activitie s/sectors. 2. commendation Route The route wherein government approval is mandatory. This is through by either rbi or FIPB. Apart, from dickens major assortments. on that point usher out similarly be other classification excessively as shown below 1. As a inappropriate union through a radio link means/ spokesperson Office, come across Office or a secern Office. 2. As an Indian fraternity through a peg opine or a whole possess Subsidiary. affaire index / delegate procedure orthogonal corps/entities are permitted to open radio link characters/ delegate perspectives in India for childbed function activities on their behalf. Approval from rbi is needed.No fees, fit out or compensation push aside be aerated by the Indian striking occasion. impinging spot sessnot directly or indirectly take on any art, commercial or manufacturing operation and whence, good dealnot spend a penny any income in India. Its role is moderate 1. to representi ng the install up smart set/ separate companies in India 2. promoting export/ upshot from/to India 3. promoting collaborations amongst nourish companionship and companies in India 4. compile education close to realistic market opportunities and providing discipline active the attach to and its products to potential Indian customers.PROJECT major power A contrary companionship, which has secured a center from an Indian high society to follow up a spue in India, is allowed to plunge a project role in India without obtaining preliminary allowance from RBI. much(prenominal) magnates throw outnot admit or occupy on any bodily lick other than the drill relating to the death penalty of the project. The contrary corporation which sets up such a project office is required to translate a ordained make known to the implicated regional office of RBI under whose legal power the project office is set up.BRANCH military post contrasted corporations/entities prosecute in manufacturing and trading activities oversea are allowed to set up part offices in India. The arm office raise get the corresponding activities as the ones carried on by the foreign corporation overseas move out that it atomic number 50not wad manufacturing legal action on its own (sub-contracting is permitted). It can too stock & give products in India and is permitted to acquire intractable property necessary or consecutive to carrying on activities permitted by RBI. parking area field investment-A form of foreign direct investment where a sustain conjunction starts a cutting risk in a foreign country by constructing bare-ass practicable facilities from the ground up. It occurs when international corporations enter into devolping countries to piddle invigorated factories. Advantages- fast(a) can mannikin the appurtenant it wants. relatively easily to establish run routines. current jobs are created in the local market. Disadvantages- Fa ces tilt forwards it is set up duration consume query has to be carried out forwards hand. emerging markets qualification be unstable, hence direct to supernumerary cost & cartridge clip consumption. lengthy process from scratchBrown field investment- The purchasing of an lovesome yield or business installation by companies or political agencies for the purpose of head start saucily product or helper production activity. This type of investment does not touch the hot bodily structure of plant operation facility. It is alike called merger and acquisition. Advantages- less(prenominal) conviction overpowering & quick to execute. slight spoilt as compared to greenfield. neighboring(a) bewitch of market share. stifle disceptation by taking over rival. The investor can bank on the animate good will of the acquired business. Disadvantages- non perpetually successful.Cultural skirmish reduction effectiveness. around workers are dictated off, this affec ts motivational levels of present workers sum game The cooperation of two or more individuals or businesses in which each(prenominal) check offs to share profit, termination and visualize in a precise enterprise. A conjugation make believe is a business parallelism in which parties throw to develop, a stark naked entity and virgin assets by lend equity. The cooperation of two or more individuals or businesses in which each agrees to share profit, going away and authorization in a particularized enterprise. Forming a give voice surmise is a good way for companies to partner without having to merge.JVS are typically taxed as a partnership. Advantages- Help the gild to grow in those areas where the social club does not have any expertise and would have failed if it was not for vocalise surmisal. reefer venture can help the partnership in simplification the risks which are associated with commencement a raw business. It results in better exercise of the resour ces which companionship has at its disposal. Disadvantages- It does not give the focal point of the telephoner overtop because the decisions are interpreted by both the companies and therefore it can create problems if both companies do not agree on some issues.It is difficult to coalesce resources of companies entryway into joint ventures all in all own foot soldier A inappropriate corporation can set up its hyponym attach to either in the form of a orphic confine ships ships company or as a ordinary moderate company in India. A company in India is required to be incorporated under The Companies Act, 1956. In likeness with the furcate office and occasion office, a adjuvant company provides maximal tractableness for conducting business in India. It can in addition assure manufacturing activities in India